CBT California Speaking Engagements, Presentations, and Publications
McFarr, L. (2018, June). Therapy interfering behaviors in Dialectical Behavior Therapy. CBT California, Torrance, CA.
McFarr, L. (2018, July) Stuck points in Cognitive Behavior Therapy training in Community Mental Health [Webinar]. The Association of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, New York, NY.
McFarr, L., Graling, K., & Orris, J. (2015, June). Therapy interfering behavior in Dialectical Behavior Therapy. CBT California, Newport Beach, CA.
McFarr, L., Graling, K., Snyder, J. (2014, September). Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Nuts and bolts [Three-day training]. Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
McFarr, L., Snyder, J. and Leishman, K. (2014, September). Advances in Cognitive Therapy. Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA.
McFarr, L., and Levander, E. (2014, September). Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy [One-day training]. Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA.
McFarr, L. (2011, September). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy [One-day training]. Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA.
Owens, M.D., DiBlasi, T., Moore, K.E. & Wydo, M.R. (2020, September 9). Reducing bias in the forensic field [Webinar]. Forensic Issues & Externalizing Behaviors Special Interest
Group, Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies Convention.
Warren, C. (2019, November). Borderline Personality Disorder in older adults: Differences in symptom expression and treatment considerations. VA Long Beach Health Care System, Long Beach, CA.
Warren, C. & Arthur, E. (2017, June). Employing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy principles with persons affected by trauma. Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA.
Wydo, M.R., Matthews, L., Griswold, S. & Serrano, R. (2019, August 9). Gender roles in correctional psychology: Masculinity, feminism, and gender identity in correctional practice [Workshop]. FCI Terminal Island Psychology Department, San Pedro, CA.
Wydo, M.R., Pujol, L., & Hope, L. (2018, June 15). Crisis and suicide emergencies in forensic settings: Assessment, treatment & ethical issues [CEU workshop]. The Psychology Department at FCI Terminal Island, San Pedro, CA.
PRESENTATIONS
Benson, L., Gaona, L., Barr, N., Jackson, L & McFarr, L. (2012, November). Self-injury as a predictor of therapy-interfering behavior in Dialectical Behavior Therapy. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Improvement and Teaching of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Annual Conference, National Harbor, MD.
Blanchette, L., Gaona, L., & McFarr, L. M. (2015, November). Evaluation for adherence of standard dialectical behavior therapy using the cognitive behavior rating scale. Poster presented at the third annual Scientific Sessions on Mental Health, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.
Blanchette, L., Gaona, L., McFarr, L. M., Fruzetti A. E., Worrall, J. M. (2015, November). Evaluation for adherence of standard Dialectical Behavior Therapy using the cognitive behavior rating scale. Poster presented at ISITDBT annual conference, Chicago, IL.
Bonfil, A. D., McFarr, L. M., Raposa, E., Henriquez, S., Barr, N., Higier, R. G., Gaona, L., & Hamilton, H. K. (2012, November). Effectiveness of second-year standard DBT: Are there significant gains in treatment outcomes beyond the first year? Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, National Harbor, MD.
Campagna, D., Loerinc, A., Montgomery, R.M., Thomas, M., Stivers, M., Cohen, K., Chen, S., & McFarr, L.M. (2019, November). Treatment outcomes for LGBTQ participants in full-course DBT: A descriptive study. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Behavioral And Cognitive Therapies Conference (ABCT), Atlanta, GA.
Chen, S., Rozmid. E., Montgomery. R.M., Polack, A., Thornburg, L., Thomas, M., and McFarr., L.M. (2020, November). An examination of associations among substance use urges and the use of specific Dialectical Behavior Therapy skills as reported in daily diary cards. Poster presented virtually at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Improvement and Teaching of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Conference (ISIT DBT).
Chen, S., Thomas, M., Granato, H.G., Montgomery, R.M., Stivers, M., Cohen, K., Thornburg L., & McFarr, L.M. (2019, November). Examining non-PTSD anxiety symptom outcomes for DBT outpatients in a private practice. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Behavioral And Cognitive Therapies Conference (ABCT), Atlanta, GA.
Chen X. S., Revolorio K. Y., Owens, E., & McFarr, L. M. (2015, November). Differences in interpersonal problems amongst individuals with BPD and comorbid BPD and evidence of PTSD. Poster presented at ISITDBT annual conference, Chicago, IL.
Cohen, K., Granato, H.G., Thomas, M., Montgomery, R.M., Stivers, M., Chen, S., Thornburg, L., & McFarr, L.M. (2019, November). Exploring the crossroads of employment-related dysfunction and borderline symptomology in a DBT outpatient sample. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Behavioral And Cognitive Therapies Conference (ABCT), Atlanta, GA.
Conner, A., Robbins, J., Polack, A., Rush, Z., Montgomery, R.M., Kutschbach, C., Thomas, M., McFarr, L.M. (2020, May). An investigation of the relationship between parental stress, psychological flexibility, and mindfulness for caregivers in a Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) parent skills program. Poster presented virtually at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Improvement and Teaching of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Conference (ISIT DBT).
Conner, A., Robbins, J., Polack, A., Rush, Z., Montgomery, R.M., Rozmid, E., Thomas, M.,McFarr, L.M. (2020, May). An investigation of the relationship between parental stress, psychological flexibility, and mindfulness for caregivers in a Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) parent skills program. Poster presented at the Eighth Annual Scientific Sessions on Mental Health, Torrance, CA.
Dicterow, W., Gaona, L., Sears, M., & McFarr, L. (2012, November). Identifying therapist therapy-interfering behaviors not accounted for by the TIB-T: A needs assessment for Harbor UCLA’s adult Dialectical Behavior Therapy program. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, National Harbor, MD.
Fried, R., Gaona , L., Jones , E., Dalton, E., Thompson, S.M., Davies, C., Dexter, M., Brown, L., Forsyth, J., McFarr, L., Henriquez, S., & Farias, A. (2014, June). An in-depth look at telephone skills coaching and therapy interfering behaviors in Dialectical Behavior Therapy: A case study from a community mental health clinic. Poster presented at the 8th International Congress of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Hong Kong.
Granato, H.F., Yeargin, J., Che, C., Montgomery, R.M., & McFarr, L. (2018, November). Positive emotions and emotion dysregulation: The relationship between joy and substance use urges. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Improvement and Teaching of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Conference (ISIT DBT), Washington, D.C.
Granato, H., Kochamba, K., Wollesen, M., Tolstoy, B., McFarr, L. (2018, April). DBT brief: A comparison of standard year-long DBT to six-month DBT across treatment outcomes. Poster presented at the Sixth Annual Scientific Sessions on Mental Health, Torrance, CA.
Granato, H.F., Wollesen, M., Smith, A., Montgomery, R.M., Houghton, L., Mofit, M., & McFarr, L. (2017, November). DBT brief: A comparison of standard year-long DBT to six-month DBT across treatment outcomes. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Improvement and Teaching of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Conference (ISIT DBT), San Diego, CA.
Grassetti, SN, Renshaw, KD, Weinstock, L, McFarr, LM, Young, A, Siev, J, Khazanov, G, Crescenz MJ (2019, November). Improving support for parents during psychology training. Panel Discussion at the annual meeting of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies Conference (ABCT), Atlanta, GA.
Hall, B, McFarr LM., Waltman, S. (2019, November) Supervision and clinical case consultation strategies: Guided discovery, strengthening the supervisory relationship, and experiential teaching techniques. Workshop presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies Conference (ABCT), Atlanta, GA.
Hamilton, H., Ofek, A., Raposa, E., Sears, M & McFarr, L. (2012, November). The effectiveness of an outpatient, group-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention for psychosis. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, National Harbor, MD.
Hansell, L., Snyder, J., Ravid, D., Bedics, J., & McFarr, L. M. (2015, March). Do DBT treatment outcomes in private practice differ by payor status? Poster presented at the third annual Scientific Sessions on Mental Health, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.
Jackson, L., Benson, L. A., Maczka, K., Moliae, A., Wickremasinghe, N., & McFarr, L. M. (2013, April). Understanding chronic depression and its treatment: The impact of participating in a one-day training on therapist knowledge of the CBASP treatment model. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, La Jolla, CA.
Kochamba, K., Morgan. J., Bolden, L., McFarr, L.M. (2018, April). Effectiveness of CBT in welfare-to-work programs. Poster presented at the Sixth Annual Scientific Sessions on Mental Health, Torrance, CA.
Kopilas, V., Rodriguez, M. A., Ravid, D., Hansell, L., & McFarr, L. M. (2015, November). The effect of emotion dysregulation on suicidal ideation and self-harm urges as measured on DBT diary cards. Poster presented at ISITDBT annual conference, Chicago, IL.
Kopilas, V., Rodriguez, M. A., Eisenlohr-Moul, T., Snyder, J., McFarr, L. M. (2015, November). The effect of shame and day of the week on self-harm urges and suicidal ideation: A DBT diary card study. Poster presented at ISITDBT annual conference, Chicago, IL.
Lazo, C., Thomas, M., Montgomery, R.M., Stivers, M., Moffit, M., & McFarr, L. (2018, November). PTSD clients without BPD seeking DBT: A naturalistic comorbidity profile in private practice. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the PTSD & Trauma SIG (Association for Behavioral And Cognitive Therapies Conference), Washington, D.C.
Lazo, C., Thomas, M., Stivers, M., Montgomery, R.M., Moffit, M., & McFarr, L. (2018, November). PTSD outcomes from DBT treatment: a naturalistic data analysis in private practice. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Improvement and Teaching of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Conference (ISIT DBT), Washington, D.C.
Loerinc, A. G., Zbozinek, T., Hall, B., & McFarr, L. M. (2015). Do attitudes toward evidence- based therapies predict adherence to CBT? Poster presented at the third annual Scientific Sessions on Mental Health, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.
Loerinc, A. G., Zbozinek, T. D., Hall, B., & McFarr, L. (March, 2015). Do attitudes toward evidence-based treatments predict adherence to CBT? Poster presented at the Harbor- UCLA Medical Center Scientific Sessions Convention, Los Angeles, CA.
McFarr, L., Waltman, S, Hall, B, Klein, S, Rabinovitch, S and Murray, A (2019, June) Stuck points in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy training. Symposium presented at World Congress on Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies Berlin, GE.
Montgomery, R.M., Granato, H.F., DiRocco, A., Thomas, M., Shemesh, K., Stivers, M., Cohen, K., Chen, S., Thornburg, L., & McFarr, L. (2019, November). Mindful mechanisms of change in DBT: Nonreactivity and nonjudging. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Behavioral And Cognitive Therapies Conference (ABCT), Atlanta, GA.
Montgomery, R.M., Liao, A., Shemesh, K., Smith, A., Granato, H.F., Wollesen, M., & McFarr, L.,(2018, November). Moderating effects of brooding rumination on borderline symptoms in DBT. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Behavioral And Cognitive Therapies Conference (ABCT), Washington, D.C.
Montgomery, R.M., Liao, A., Shemesh, K., Smith, A., Granato, H.F., Wollesen, M., & McFarr, L.,(2018, November). Moderating effects of brooding rumination on borderline symptoms in DBT. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Improvement and Teaching of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Conference (ISIT DBT), Washington, D.C. (Poster Session Award Finalist).
Montgomery, R.M., Liao, A., Shemesh, K., Smith, A., Granato, H.F., Wollesen, M., & McFarr, L., (2018, April). Moderating effects of brooding rumination on borderline symptoms in DBT. Poster presented at the Sixth Annual Scientific Sessions on Mental Health, Torrance, CA.
Owens, E., Chen, X. S., Blanchette, L., Jackson, L., & McFarr, L. M. (2015, November). Differences in use of exposure skills in DBT with individuals with BPD and comorbid BPD and evidence of PTSD. Poster presented at the third annual Scientific Sessions on Mental Health, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.
Owens, E., Chen, X. S., Blanchette, S., Jackson, L., & McFarr, L. M. (2015, November). Cognitive functioning and therapy interfering behaviors: Differences in use of exposure skills in DBT with individuals with BPD and comorbid BPD and evidence of PTSD. Poster presented at ISITDBT annual conference, Chicago, IL.
Rabinovitz, S., Thomas, M., Montgomery, R.M., Granato, H.F., Wollesen, M., Shemesh, K., Houghton, L., Smith, A., Moffit, M., & McFarr, L., (2017, November). Trajectory of DBT target behavior improvements using diary card data. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Improvement and Teaching of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Conference (ISIT DBT), San Diego, CA.
Revolorio, K., DeSilva, L., Darrell, D., Jackson, L., Brown, L., McFarr, L. M. (2015, November). Changes in sadness amongst individuals with depressive symptoms and borderline personality disorder in a DBT program. Poster presented at ISITDBT annual conference, Chicago, IL.
Rozmid, E., Chen. S., Montgomery, R.M., Polack, A., Thornburg, L., Thomas, M., McFarr, L. M. (2020, October). Substance use urges and the use of Dialectical Behavior Therapy skills as reported in daily diary cards. Poster presented virtually at the 32nd annual convention of the Los Angeles County Psychological Association (LACPA), Los Angeles, CA.
Selcukler, N., Kim, Y., McGlade, S., Akhlaghipour, G., Granato, H., Morgan, W., McFarr, L. (2019, June) Dissociative experiences as a predictor of DBT outcomes in individuals with borderline personality disorder. Poster presented at World Congress on Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies Berlin, GE.
Smith, A., Houghton, L., Montgomery, R.M., Shemesh, K., McGlade, A., Granato, H.F., Wollesen, M., Yeargin, J., Scott, S.H., & McFarr, L. (2017, November). Singular vs. multiple self-inflicting behaviors and trauma as predictors of suicidal urges and behavior in DBT. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Improvement and Teaching of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Conference (ISIT DBT), San Diego, CA.
Stivers M., Thomas, M., Granato, H.G., Montgomery, R.M., Cohen, K., Chen, S., Thornburg, L., & McFarr, L.M. (2019, November) Suicide ideators in CBT-informed DBT: Efficacy and moderating effects of BPD and level 1 behavior. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Behavioral And Cognitive Therapies Conference (ABCT), Atlanta, GA.
Thomas, M., & McFarr, L.M. (2018, April). A naturalistic study of treatment targets in Dialectical Behavior Therapy. Poster presented at the Sixth Annual Scientific Sessions on Mental Health, Torrance, CA.
Wall, L., Granato, H.F., Smith, A., Montgomery, R.M., & McFarr, L. (2017, November). Mindfulness development and impact of symptoms severity of borderline personality disorder in a six-month, private practice DBT. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Improvement and Teaching of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Conference (ISIT DBT), San Diego, CA.
Waltman, S., Morgan, W., Wickremasinghe, N., Naman, K., Nehme, J., Fried, R., & McFarr, L. (2014, June). Does fidelity of Cognitive Behavior Therapy in psychotherapy-based supervision translate to fidelity of Cognitive Behavior Therapy in clinical practice? 8th International Congress of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Hong Kong.
Waltman, S., Nehme, J., Naman, K., Wickremasinghe, N., Brown, L., Morgan, W., Fried, R., & McFarr, L. (2014, June). Examining the relationship between case conceptualization and treatment fidelity of Cognitive Behavior Therapy in a public health setting. Poster presented at 8th International Congress of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Hong Kong.
Warren, C. L., Cherrington, A., & McFarr, L. (2017, May). Method of dialectical behavioral therapy skills coaching in relation to non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors. Poster presented at the 5th Annual Scientific Sessions on Mental Health, Torrance, CA.
Warren, C. L. & Williams, J. (2012, May). The effect of siblings on perceived facial attractiveness. Poster presented at the 24th Annual Association for Psychological Science Convention, Chicago, IL.
Williams, J., Warren, C. L., Faulkender, S., & Luis, A. (2012, May). Anxiety decreases the probability of false memories for objects. Poster presented at the 24th Annual Association for Psychological Science Convention, Chicago, IL.
Wollesen, M., Rodriquez, M., Higier, R., McFarr., L.M. (2016, October). The Association Between Diary Card Completion and Treatment Outcomes. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Improvement and Teaching of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Conference (ISIT DBT), New York, NY.
Workman K., Coello, J. A., and McFarr, L. M. (2015, November). Literacy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy: An exploration of premorbid. Poster presented at ISITDBT annual conference, Chicago, IL.
Workman, K., Coello, J. A., Thompson, S., & McFarr, L. M. (2015, March). A comparison of premorbid cognitive functioning in community mental health patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and population norms. Poster presented at the third annual Scientific Sessions on Mental Health, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.
Wydo, M.R., & Jones, N. (2018, November 17). Assessment of CTP scores following participation in a criminal thinking group. Symposium presented at the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies (ABCT) 52nd Annual Convention, Washington, DC.
Zhang, Z., McGlade, S., Granato, H., Morgan, W., McFarr, L. (2019) The impact of comorbid depressive symptoms and borderline personality disorder on treatment outcomes in Dialectical Behavior Therapy. Poster presented at World Congress on Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies Berlin, GE.
PUBLICATIONS
Bedics, J.D., Korslund, K.E., Sayrs, J. H. R., & McFarr, L. M. (2013). The observation of essential clinical strategies during an individual session of Dialectical Behavior Therapy. Psychotherapy Journal.
Bolden, L Gaona Dill, L Comtois K, & McFarr L. (2020). DBT-ACES in a multicultural community mental health setting: Implications for clinical practice. In J Bedics (Ed.), Handbook of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (pp. 307-324). Academic Press.
Carmel, A., Comtois, K. A., Harned, M. S., Holler, R., & McFarr, L. (2016). Contingencies create capabilities: Adjunctive treatments in dialectical behavior therapy that reinforce behavior change. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 23(1), 110-120.
Comtois, K., Carmel, A., McFarr, L., Hoschel, K., Huh, D., Murphy, S., Benson, L., & Hoschel, S. (2020). DBT: Accepting the challenges of employment and self-sufficiency. DBT Bulletin, 3(1), 14-23.
Corral, D., Healy, A.F., Rozbruch, E.V., & Jones, M. (2019). Teaching scientific principles using a testing-based training paradigm. Cognition and Instruction: Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology, 5(3), 189–208. doi:10.1037/stl0000146
Friedberg, R.D., Rozmid, E.V., Atasuntseva, A., Mosley, C., Wilberding, N., LePrade,R., Wister. A., & Feezer, J. (In press). Project chill: Program description and session feedback data from a proof-of-concept study of a school-based psychoeducational program using creative media, Cognitive and Behavioral Practice.
Friedberg, R.D. & Rozmid, E.V. (Under Contract). Creative CBT with youth: Clinical applications using humor, play, superheroes, and improvisation. Springer Publishing.
Friedberg, R.F., Paternostro, J., & Rozbruch, E.V. (2018). “Ease on down the road”: Integrating behavioral health care into primary pediatric care. Internal Medicine Review, 4(4), 1-18. doi:10.18102/imr.v4i4.687
Friedberg, R.D., & Rozbruch, E.V. (2016). Quality counts: Behavioral health care services with youth should be guided by outcome metrics. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, (2)1, 1-2.
Granato, H., Sewert, A., Vinograd M., & McFarr L. (2020). Dialectical Behavior Therapy. In A. Wenzel (Ed.), Handbook of cognitive behavioral therapies (pp. 224-243). APA.
Klepac, R. K., Ronan, G. F., Andrasik, F., Arnold, K., Belar, C., Berry, S., Christoff, K., Craighead, L. W., Dougher, M. J., Dowd, E. T., Herbert, J., McFarr, L., Rizvi, S., Sauer, E. M. & Strauman, T. J. (2012). Guidelines for cognitive behavioral training within doctoral psychology programs in the United States of America: Report of the inter- organizational task force on cognitive and behavioral psychology doctoral education. Behavior Therapy.
McFarr L., Snyder, J., Benson, L, & Higier, H. (2019). Psychosocial treatments for substance abuse. In G. Munoz, S. Modir., & C. Torrington (Eds.), Integrative addiction and recovery, (pp. 224-243). Oxford Press.
McFarr, L., Brown, L. A., Holler, R., Jackson, L., & Ramirez, U. (2014). Cognitive Behavior Therapy in southern California. The Behavior Therapist, 37, 117-121.
McFarr, L. M., Gaona, L., Barr, N., Ramirez, U., Henriquez, S., Farias, A., & Flores, D. (2014). Cultural competency and Dialectical Behavior Therapy. In A. Masuda (Ed.), Cultural issues in acceptance- and mindfulness-based approaches (pp. 47-67). New Harbinger.
McFarr, L. M. (2013). An update on CBT training guidelines for doctoral programs. Advances in Cognitive Therapy, 14(1), 9 & 12.
Rozbruch, E.V., Mosley, C., Ghosh, S., Friedberg, R.D. & Trafalis, S. (2017). Want to start up innovative behavioral health services for youth?: Ready-to-use economic and business knowledge for professional psychologists. In A. Columbus (Ed.), Advances in Psychology Research Vol 122 (pp. 139-160). Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Rozbruch, E.V. & Friedberg, R.D. (2016). Editorial note: Thoughts on the new research for clinical psychiatry. Clinical Psychiatry, 2(3), 1-2.
Rozbruch, E.V., Wister, A.S, Friedberg, R.D., & Trafalis, S. (2016). Toward greater information symmetry: Mental health literacy in young patients and their families. JAACAP Connect, 3(3), 15-18.
Rozbruch, E.V., Atasuntseva, A., & Friedberg, R.D. (2016). Stancing in the session: Collaborative empiricism and guided discovery in CBT with youth. Advances in Cognitive Therapy, 17(2), 6-7.
Waltman, S. H., III, R. T. C., McFarr, L. M., & Moore, B. A. (2020). Socratic questioning for therapists and counselors: Learn how to think and intervene like a cognitive behavior therapist. Taylor & Francis Group.
Waltman, S. H., Hall, B. C., McFarr, L. M., & Creed, T. A. (2018). Clinical case consultation and experiential learning in CBT implementation: Brief qualitative investigation. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 32(2), 112-126.
Waltman, S., Hall, B. C., McFarr, L. M., Beck, A. T., & Creed, T. A. (2017). In-session stuck points and pitfalls of community clinicians learning CBT: Qualitative investigation. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 24(2), 256-267.